It includes near duplicate pages, pages that only swap a place name, doorway pages, and pages that exist to hold a keyword. Google's guidance on scaled content abuse targets exactly this when it is produced in volume.
The cure is substance per page: original data, a real example, a specific answer. If a page cannot carry three sentences that are true only of it, it should be merged into one that can.
Our programmatic pages are gated in code for exactly this reason: a page without its own data is not built at all, rather than built thin and hoped for.